El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad mostrar cómo la regla hermenéutica tal cual es descripta por Hans-Georg Gadamer en Wahrheit und Methode representa un sistema de significación que produce texto. Para ello se utilizará la semiótica de Iuri Lotman y la semiótica connotativa de Hjelmslev como cooperaciones teóricas que posibilitan describir con mayor analiticidad la regulación de la regla hermenéutica en el fenómeno de la comprensión.

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad mostrar cómo la regla hermenéutica tal cual es descripta por Hans-Georg Gadamer en Wahrheit und Methode representa un sistema de significación que produce texto. Para ello se utilizará la semiótica de Iuri Lotman y la semiótica connotativa de Hjelmslev como cooperaciones teóricas que posibilitan describir con mayor analiticidad la regulación de la regla hermenéutica en el fenómeno de la comprensión.

Ratio Juris, Volume 35, Issue 3, Page 310-326, September 2022.

O trabalho apresenta diferentes interpretações sobre a “democracia decidadãos proprietários” (DCP), um regime que permite a propriedadeprivada dos meios de produção e se mostra superior, segundo Rawls, aocapitalismo de bem-estar. Discuto, primeiro, se a dispersão do capitalambicionada pela DCP deve ser tomada como algo distinto de dispersãoda riqueza. Trato, em segundo lugar, da questão de saber se o que importapara a caracterização da DCP é apenas o resultado – seja ele a dispersãodo capital ou da riqueza – ou também o (...) meio de obtê-lo, caso no qual a DCPpoderia ser entendida como regime predistributivo (em contraposição ao“welfare state”, um regime eminentemente redistributivo). Minha conclusão,em suma, é que, afora o que concerne ao “capital humano”, há razões parapreferir uma conceituação simples, que defina a DCP como regime que logradispersar a riqueza em considerável medida. A última seção responde, ainda,a algumas críticas à DCP como alternativa ao capitalismo de bem-estar. (shrink)

RESUMO O artigo examina se há alguma incompatibilidade entre práticas de discriminação privada e as duas partes do segundo princípio da justiça de Rawls, o princípio da equitativa igualdade de oportunidades e o princípio da diferença. Argumento que a discriminação no trabalho e em outras áreas importantes para o desenvolvimento das aptidões inatas somente atenta contra o PEIO quando tem como efeito geral o de tornar substancialmente desiguais as chances de cidadãos com similares aptidões inatas e motivação exercerem determinadas ocupações. (...) Comento também algumas dificuldades para considerar vedados pelo PEIO dois casos comuns de discriminação, a discriminação baseada em qualidade de reação e a discriminação por indicadores. Em relação ao PD, defendo que a proibição à discriminação privada se relaciona ao bem primário das bases sociais do autorrespeito e está circunscrita aos casos de discriminação degradante, como tal entendida, de acordo com Hellman, aquela cujo sentido expressivo é o de negar o igual status moral das pessoas pertencentes a um certo grupo. ABSTRACT This paper investigates the incompatibility between practices of private discrimination and the two parts of Rawls' second principle of justice, the fair equality of opportunity and the difference principle. I submit that discrimination at workplace and other sectors that are crucial for the development of natural talents only violates FEO when possessing the general effect of rendering substantially unequal the occupational chances of citizens with similar innate talents and motivation. I also point to some difficulties in proscribing, according to FEO, two common instances of discrimination, reaction qualification and proxy discrimination. Regarding the DP, my main statement is that a ban on private discrimination is related to the primary good of the social bases of self-respect and is circumscribed to instances of demeaning discrimination, defined, according to Hellman, as discrimination whose expressive meaning is denying people belonging to a given group their equal moral status. (shrink)

Rawls propõe uma “divisão do trabalho” entre as instituições que compõem a estrutura básica da sociedade e as regras diretamente aplicáveis a indivíduos e associações. O artigo expõe e refuta o argumento de que é compatível com a concepção rawlsiana de justiça defender um ideal de justiça não distributivo para o direito privado. Alega-se, em suma, que o direito privado é necessário para manter o que Rawls chama de “justiça de fundo”, bem como que esse papel pode ser desempenhado sem (...) abrir mão de uma relativa simplicidade normativa. (shrink)

RESUMENA partir de las problemáticas desarrolladas por Charles Taylor y su explí­cita adhesión al programa gadameriano de la hermenéutica se intentará desarrollar la noción de fusión de horizontes con respecto a dos cuestiones inherentes a ella. Por un lado el papel que cumple en el entendimiento entre esquemas comprensivos diferentes; y por otro lado, la ambigüedad del carácter de la misma fusión. Esto en referencia a lo siguiente: o bien se trata de la fusión de horizontes distintos o bien se (...) trata de una fusión interna en un solo horizonte, con lo cual lo primero resulta ser sólo una mera apariencia.PALABRAS CLAVEHERMENÉUTICA, GADAMER, FUSIÓN DE HORIZONTES, ALTERIDADABSTRACTIn this paper I analyse Charles Taylor’s notion of horizons fusion, which comes from Gadamer’s Hermeneutics (as Taylor avows). Two problems are discussed: on the one hand, the role of this notion regarding the understanding between different comprehensive schemes and, on the other hand the ambiguity of fusion in itself, insofar as it can be seen either as the fusion of different horizons, or as an internal fusion in the context of one horizon. Thus the first possibility becomes a mere appearance.KEY WORDSHERMENEUTICS, GADAMER, HORIZONS FUSION, OTHERNESS. (shrink)

RESUMENA partir de las problemáticas desarrolladas por Charles Taylor y su explí­cita adhesión al programa gadameriano de la hermenéutica se intentará desarrollar la noción de fusión de horizontes con respecto a dos cuestiones inherentes a ella. Por un lado el papel que cumple en el entendimiento entre esquemas comprensivos diferentes; y por otro lado, la ambigüedad del carácter de la misma fusión. Esto en referencia a lo siguiente: o bien se trata de la fusión de horizontes distintos o bien se (...) trata de una fusión interna en un solo horizonte, con lo cual lo primero resulta ser sólo una mera apariencia.PALABRAS CLAVEHERMENÉUTICA, GADAMER, FUSIÓN DE HORIZONTES, ALTERIDADABSTRACTIn this paper I analyse Charles Taylor’s notion of horizons fusion, which comes from Gadamer’s Hermeneutics (as Taylor avows). Two problems are discussed: on the one hand, the role of this notion regarding the understanding between different comprehensive schemes and, on the other hand the ambiguity of fusion in itself, insofar as it can be seen either as the fusion of different horizons, or as an internal fusion in the context of one horizon. Thus the first possibility becomes a mere appearance.KEY WORDSHERMENEUTICS, GADAMER, HORIZONS FUSION, OTHERNESS. (shrink)

RESUMENEn el presente trabajo tiene como fin exponer la función de la reflexión en la propuesta hermenéutica de Hans Georg Gadamer. Para ello se mostrará la opacidad trascendental que muestran los términos de «lenguaje» e «historia» como condiciones de posibilidad de la comprensión. Esto tiene como fin descubrir que la hermenéutica de Gadamer se estructura a partir de una semántica inefable y de una doble dimensión del lenguaje donde la reflexión crítica se sitúa como eje del diálogo hermenéutico a partir (...) de la dialéctica de la pregunta y respuesta.PALABRAS CLAVEGADAMER, OPACIDAD TRASCENDENTAL, DIALÉCTICA DE LA PREGUNTA Y RESPUESTA, SEMÁNTICA INEFABLE, REFLEXIÓN HERMENÉUTICAABSTRACTThis paper aims to present the function of reflection in the hermeneutic proposal of Hans-Georg Gadamer showing the transcendental opacity inherent to the terms «language» and «history» as conditions of possibility for understanding. Our objective is to demonstrate that the hermeneutic of Gadamer is framed on the basis of indescribable semantics and a double dimension of language in which critical reflection constitutes the axis of the hermeneutic dialogue based on the question-answer dialectics.KEYWORDSGADAMER, TRASCENDENTAL OPACITY, DIALECTIC OF THE QUESTION AND ANSWER, INDESCRIBABLE SEMANTICS, HERMENEUTIC REFLECTION. (shrink)

RESUMENEn el presente trabajo tiene como fin exponer la función de la reflexión en la propuesta hermenéutica de Hans Georg Gadamer. Para ello se mostrará la opacidad trascendental que muestran los términos de «lenguaje» e «historia» como condiciones de posibilidad de la comprensión. Esto tiene como fin descubrir que la hermenéutica de Gadamer se estructura a partir de una semántica inefable y de una doble dimensión del lenguaje donde la reflexión crítica se sitúa como eje del diálogo hermenéutico a partir (...) de la dialéctica de la pregunta y respuesta.PALABRAS CLAVEGADAMER, OPACIDAD TRASCENDENTAL, DIALÉCTICA DE LA PREGUNTA Y RESPUESTA, SEMÁNTICA INEFABLE, REFLEXIÓN HERMENÉUTICAABSTRACTThis paper aims to present the function of reflection in the hermeneutic proposal of Hans-Georg Gadamer showing the transcendental opacity inherent to the terms «language» and «history» as conditions of possibility for understanding. Our objective is to demonstrate that the hermeneutic of Gadamer is framed on the basis of indescribable semantics and a double dimension of language in which critical reflection constitutes the axis of the hermeneutic dialogue based on the question-answer dialectics.KEYWORDSGADAMER, TRASCENDENTAL OPACITY, DIALECTIC OF THE QUESTION AND ANSWER, INDESCRIBABLE SEMANTICS, HERMENEUTIC REFLECTION. (shrink)

This paper aims to show two things. On the one hand, it aims to discover that the interpretation executed by Gadamer of the Dilthian hermeneutic project ends up being one sided and reductionist in several respects, and therefore does not do justice to the fundamental hermeneutical plan of the critique of historical reason. Furthermore, we will show how Gadamerian hermeneutics continue with the Dilthian project assimilating trascendental elements that, ultimately, structurally operate the philosophical hermeneutics.

En el presente trabajo se intentará mostrar dos cosas. Por un lado, se apunta a descubrir que la lectura que realiza Gadamer del proyecto hermenéutico dilthyano termina por ser una interpretación unilateral y reduccionista en varios aspectos, y, por ende, no hace justicia al plan hermenéutico fundamental de la crítica de la razón histórica. Por otro lado, se mostrará cómo la hermenéutica gadameriana continúa con el proyecto dilthyano asimilando elementos trascendentales que terminan por operar estructuralmente la hermenéutica filosófica.

El presente trabajo tiene como fin describir la relación entre retórica y hermenéutica en la obra de Hans-Georg Gadamer. Un primer paso consiste enreconocer los elementos de la retórica en el contexto de Verdad y Método.Apartir de allí se intentará mostrar lo que Gadamer entiende por la recuperación hermenéutica de la retórica antigua sobre la base de tres tópicos. Elprimero radica en mostrar que la retórica, al igual que la hermenéutica, alcanzaun estatus ontológico. En segundo lugar, que la retórica es (...) parte fundamentalen la formación de los conceptos mediante el elemento de la analogía.Y en tercer lugar, la íntima relación que mantiene la hermenéutica con laretórica a un nivel de argumentación racional sobre la base de la noción deverosimilitud (eikós). (shrink)

El reemplazo de la idea heideggeriana del ser-para-la muerte por la noción gadameriana del ser-para-el-texto tiene consecuencias de importantes desarrollos dentro de la hermenéutica filosófica. El presente trabajo aborda, en un primer momento, el llamado "principio de indisponibilidad del lenguaje" ..

Normal 0 21 false false false ES-CO X-NONE X-NONE La hermenéutica filosófica de Gadamer ha restituido la historia global de la hermenéutica para el pensamiento contemporáneo. Su proyecto filosófico se alinea a una historia que incluye pensadores como Heidegger, Dilthey o Schleiermacher. Pero en esta línea histórica la hermenéutica durante su etapa ilustrada ha quedado olvidada. La hermenéutica ilustrada de los siglos XVII y XVIII no ha sido tenida en cuenta por los proyectos hermenéuticos contemporáneos. Nuestro interés radica en observar (...) cómo esta etapa, a pesar de haber sido relegada, influye en el proyecto contemporáneo de la hermenéutica gadameriana. Según esto, nos abocaremos a dilucidar cómo actúa la naciente hermenéutica profana durante la modernidad. Para ello nos centraremos en algunos autores modernos como Chladenius y Dannhauer, a través de los cuales observaremos las problemáticas que trabajan en el campo hermenéutico y sus intentos de resolución. Y por último, intentaremos delinear aquellos aportes propios de estos autores en el proyecto contemporáneo de Gadamer. (shrink)

The replacement of the Heideggerian Idea of Being-toward-Death with the Gadamerian notion of Being-for-the-Text imposes important changes in the Philosophical Hermeneutics. The present paper analyses the “principle of unavailability of language” taking into account the idea of a fusion of horizons regarding text interpretation. It considers the function of this last idea for different natural languages, and ends with the thesis that Gadamer’s Hermeneutics has in fact two possible meanings.

La negativa a imaginar la "otra" sociedad más allá del capitalismo no está ajena a la prohibición judía de nombrar o describir a Dios. Cualquiera que sea la fuente del tabú, de las principales figuras relacionadas con la Escuela de Frankfurt, solo Mar- cuse se ha atrevido en los últimos años a romperlo. Solo Marcuse ha tratado de decir lo indecible en un esfuerzo cada vez más urgente por reintroducir un molde utópico a la teoría socialista.

Das Crises às possibilidades da Educação Superior no Brasil: uma leitura a partir de Hannah Arendt Resumo: O texto procura entender os pressupostos da educação superior no Brasil e faz considerações sobre seus limites e potencialidades à luz de Hannah Arendt. Segundo Hannah Arendt, a crise da educação remete-se a uma crise de estabilidade de todas as instituições políticas e sociais. E para o enfrentamento dessa crise, Hannah Arendt sugere reconsiderar a crise da modernidade para se repensar criticamente o papel (...) da educação no mundo contemporâneo. De fato, sua reflexão assevera que a educação está entre as atividades mais elementares e necessárias da sociedade humana, e, por isso, tem de ser continuamente repensada em função das transformações do mundo no qual nascem novos seres humanos. Hannah Arendt, questiona e faz pensar como que a crise da e na educação impede todo desenvolvimento de tarefas e dinâmicas que ajudem, especialmente aos estudantes (em qualquer área de conhecimento) a possuírem e produzirem um conhecimento que leve a um enfrentamento de situações críticas do quotidiano. Palavras-Chave: Hannah Arendt; Educação Superior; Crise na Educação; Cidadania; Direito Educacional. From Crises to Possibilities of Higher Education in Brazil: a Reading Based on Hannah Arendt Abstract: The text aims to understand assumptions of higher education in Brazil and makes considerations about limits and potentialities concerning those assumptions in the light of Hannah Arendt. According to Hannah Arendt, the crisis in education refers to a crisis of stability of all political and social institutions. And to envisage this crisis, Hannah Arendt suggests reconsidering the crisis of modernity to critically rethink the role of education in the contemporary world. In fact, her reflection asserts that education is among the most fundamental and necessary activities of human society, and, therefore, it must be continually rethought considering transformations in the world in which new human beings are born. Hannah Arendt, questions and makes us think about how the crisis of and in education prevents any development of tasks and dynamics that help, especially for students (in any area of knowledge) to possess and produce knowledge that leads to facing critical situations in the everyday. Keywords: Hannah Arendt; Higher Education; Crisis on Education; Citizenship; Educational Law. Des crises aux possibilités d e l’enseignement supérieur au Brésil : une lecture chez Hannah Arendt Résumé: Le texte a le but de comprendre les présupposés de l'enseignement supérieur au Brésil et fait des considérations sur ses limites et ses potentialités à la lumière d'Hannah Arendt. Selon Hannah Arendt, la crise de l'éducation renvoie à une crise de stabilité de toutes les institutions politiques et sociales. Et pour faire face à cette crise, Hannah Arendt propose de reconsidérer la crise de la modernité afin de repenser de manière critique le rôle de l'éducation dans le monde contemporain. En effet, sa réflexion affirme que l'éducation fait partie des activités les plus élémentaires et les plus nécessaires de la société humaine et qu'elle doit, donc, être continuellement repensée à la lumière des transformations du monde dans lesquelles de nouveaux êtres humains voient le jour. Hannah Arendt, interroge et fait réfléchir sur la façon dont la crise de et dans l'éducation empêche tout développement de tâches et de dynamiques qui aident, en particulier pour les étudiants (dans n'importe quel domaine de la connaissance) à posséder et produire des connaissances qui conduisent à faire face à des situations critiques dans le quotidien. Mots-Clés : Hannah Arendt; Enseignement supérieur; crise de l'éducation; citoyenneté; droit éducatif. Data de registro: 23/12/2021 Data de aceite: 15/03/2022. (shrink)

Em 1377, o célebre bispo de Oviedo, Gutierre Gómez de Toledo, celebrou um sínodo reformista em que se promulgaram diretrizes para a ação do clero, incluindo uma constituição sobre a ação catequética na diocese. Apregoava o prelado que “como, segundo as ordenações dos santos padres, a principal carga e cura devem haver os que têm alguns súditos” consistia em ensiná-los as lições pelas quais seriam salvos”. Por isso, os arciprestes e curas eram obrigados a apresentar “aos seus súditos e paroquianos (...) os feitos divinais e virtuosos. (shrink)

This study aims to analyze, genealogically, a sort of introductory topology of the problems of government at the thought of Foucault, especially as regards the conditions of possibility and the most relevant features of the invention of the concept biopolitics. What is the purpose here is not the simple application of the concepts in their historical perspectives, but to make the mapping of the concepts, the course on Foucault. For this, the governments in association with the pastoral power, with the (...) geneses and development of policial economy. (shrink)

Higher education in the 21st century faces the challenge of changing the way in which knowledge is conveyed and how teachers and students interact in the teaching-learning process. The current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has hastened the need to face up to this challenge and has furthered the need to approach the issue from the perspective of digitalisation. To achieve this, it is necessary to design training programmes geared towards teaching staff and which address both the use of technology and (...) instructional design aimed at promoting the development of self-regulated learning and automatic feedback systems. In this study, work was carried out with 23 teachers in a training programme conducted through Moodle. The aims were: to test whether there were any significant differences between the behaviour patterns of new teachers compared to experienced teachers, to determine whether clusters of behaviour patterns corresponded to the type of teacher and to ascertain whether the level of teacher satisfaction with the training activity in digital teaching will depend on the type of teacher. A quantitative as well as a qualitative design was applied. Differences were found in the behaviour patterns in the training activities for the development of rubrics and use of learning analytics systems in virtual learning environments. It was also found that the type of teacher did not correspond exactly to the behaviour cluster in the learning platform. In addition, no significant differences were found in the level of satisfaction between the two kinds of teacher. The main contribution this study makes is to provide a detailed description of the training stage as well as the materials required for its repetition. Further analytical studies are required on teacher perception of training programmes in digital teaching in order to provide personalised training proposals that lead to an effective use of teaching in digital environments. (shrink)

We prove that Martin’s Axiom implies the existence of a Cohen-indestructible mad family such that the Mathias forcing associated to its filter adds dominating reals, while \ is consistent with the negation of this statement as witnessed by the Laver model for the consistency of Borel’s conjecture.

O presente artigo aborda a questão do outro no interior do pensamento de Martin Heidegger. Tal problemática, não obstante, será examina a partir da pressuposição das tonalidades afetivas, fenômeno caracterizado em toda a produção filosófica do pensador, embora, nessa ocasião, seja dada ênfase a obras anteriores a 1930. A convivência como modalidade do ser-com mostra-se imbuída e perpassada por afecções que regionalizam o mundo e plasmam espaços de interação e apropriação dos modos de ser. A pesquisa versa sobre algumas dimensões (...) e experiências as quais o ser-aí instaura em seu horizonte hermenêutico de maneira a se orientar por “afecções” específicas, mostrando a dinâmica da convivência em suas relações de proximidade e diferença por meio de tonalidades afetivas, bem como mediante estruturas existenciais, como a preocupação. O estudo pretende, por fim, mostrar alguns meandros da análise de Heidegger quanto ao “tema” do outro, já que esse é um assunto pouco debatido pelo pensador, uma vez que suas reflexões incidem precisamente no esforço de ruptura com a noção tradicional de “homem”, o que justifica seu ensejo por questões distintas daquela que na presente ocasião se visa discutir. (shrink)

Taxa and homologues can in our view be construed both as kinds and as individuals. However, the conceptualization of taxa as natural kinds in the sense of homeostatic property cluster kinds has been criticized by some systematists, as it seems that even such kinds cannot evolve due to their being homeostatic. We reply by arguing that the treatment of transformational and taxic homologies, respectively, as dynamic and static aspects of the same homeostatic property cluster kind represents a good perspective for (...) supporting the conceptualization of taxa as kinds. The focus on a phenomenon of homology based on causal processes (e.g., connectivity, activity-function, genetics, inheritance, and modularity) and implying relationship with modification yields a notion of natural kinds conforming to the phylogenetic-evolutionary framework. Nevertheless, homeostatic property cluster kinds in taxonomic and evolutionary practice must be rooted in the primacy of epistemological classification (homology as observational properties) over metaphysical generalization (series of transformation and common ancestry as unobservational processes). The perspective of individuating characters exclusively by historical-transformational independence instead of their developmental, structural, and functional independence fails to yield a sufficient practical interplay between theory and observation. Purely ontological and ostensional perspectives in evolution and phylogeny (e.g., an ideographic character concept and PhyloCode’s ‘individualism’ of clades) may be pragmatically contested in the case of urgent issues in biodiversity research, conservation, and systematics. (shrink)

Neste artigo, demonstrei a relação entre a Memória, a História Oral e o Patrimônio Imaterial Afro-brasileiro. Apontei para os aspectos teóricos e para a práxis de uma História Oral capaz de oferecer algumas bases para a salvaguarda do Patrimônio Imaterial. Para tanto, propus um diálogo dinâmico com diferentes conceitos de Memória, sobretudo conforme compreendida por Joël Candau e Maurice Halbwachs. Apresentei diferentes conceitos em diálogo com autores especialistas em Patrimônio Imaterial, como: Maria Amélia Jundurian Corá, Chiara Bortolotto e Ulpiano Toledo (...) Bezerra de Menses. Além disso, identifiquei procedimentos construídos por José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy, Suzana Lopes Salgado Ribeiro e Fabíola Holanda no âmbito do Núcleo de Estudos em História Oral – NEHO/USP. Palavras-chave: Memória, História Oral, Patrimônio Imaterial, Teoria. (shrink)

This article revisits the standard results of demand theory when the preference relation is a continuous preorder that admits an equicontinuous multi-utility representation. We study the consumer problem as the constrained maximization of a continuous vector-valued utility mapping, and show how to rederive those results. In particular, we provide a link between the literature on vector optimization and the analysis of the consumer problem under incomplete preferences.

Agronomic science or technoscience has an important role in contemporary times and is the focus of necessary philosophical investigations. The present study aimed to relate Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutics with the Laudanian concept of philosophy of science, also applied to the philosophy of technology within the agronomic context. The central question to be answered is: can Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutics apply to the understanding of agronomy? Given this, central references and commentators were selected, dividing the dialogue between the authors and the argumentation (...) into the following points: sciences, technologies, and Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutics; agronomic traditions and their Laudanian progress; reaching the final possibility of intersections between Gadamer and Laudan, when reflecting on agronomy, especially on the theme of traditions. (shrink)

Martin Wrights original ground-breaking and influential analysis of the defects of the adversarial system of justice, plus the arguments in favour of a more ...

In this lively collection ten philosophers tackle the notoriously elusive issues raised by religious discourse in a series of linked debates. The debates focus on reason and faith; the logic of mysticism; the meaning of the word 'God'; language, biblical interpretation and worship; and religion and ethics. Through contemporary philosophical analysis it is possible to shed new light on teh status and language of religion, and in many ways the contributors to Religion and Philosophy break new ground in this perennially (...) controversial field. The collection is addressed to philosophers, theologians and anyone with a general intellectual interest in religion. Certainly it will be a valuable addition to the reading list of all teachers or students of the philosophy of religion. (shrink)

Heidegger in America explores the surprising legacy of his life and thought in the United States of America. As a critic of modern life, Heidegger often lamented the growing global influence of all things American. However, it was precisely in America where his thought inspired the work of generations of thinkers – not only philosophers but also theologians, architects, novelists, and even pundits. As a result, the reception and dissemination of Heidegger's philosophical writings transformed the intellectual and cultural history of (...) the United States at a time when American influence was itself transforming the world. A case study in the complex and sometimes contradictory process of transnational exchange, Heidegger in America recasts the scope and methods of contemporary intellectual and cultural history in the age of globalization, challenging what we think we know about Heidegger and American ideas simultaneously. (shrink)

Global Mental Health is a field of research and practice that addresses the expansion of universal and equitable mental health care worldwide. This article explores the ways the concept of culture is employed in Global Mental Health literature. Global Mental Health advocates and critics assume an ontological separation between ‘nature’ and ‘culture’ to typify mental illness, linking it predominantly to one or the other of these two categories. Advocates of Global Mental Health view mental disorders as a nature–culture hybrid, while (...) critics see them as typically cultural phenomena. The cultural critique of Global Mental Health can be strengthened by a sociological approach to both the role of critique and the uses of the concept of culture within social sciences. As an alternative to the ontologization of culture, we propose a different theoretical approach to the social issues involved in the expansion of international public health care in mental health: Arthur Kleinman's and Didier Fassin’s moral anthropological approaches. (shrink)

En este trabajo presentamos una reflexión filosófica y psicoanalítica acerca de la democracia basándonos fundamentalmente en el legado de Sigmund Freud. En el segmento primero, intentamos fundamentar por qué el psicoanálisis es incompatible con el fascismo y, de modo inverso, por qué esta disciplina sólo puede trabajar bajo la forma de gobierno de un Estado de Derecho. Simultáneamente, el núcleo democrático del psicoanálisis revela su coherencia con la voluntad científica que su creador manifiesta, sin dejar de poner a prueba las (...) representaciones canónicas y de derribar algunas ilusiones idealistas acerca de la "democracia" y la "ciencia". En la segunda parte, pretendemos extraer del psicoanálisis y de cierta filosofía vinculada al mismo algunas claves para repensar la cultura democrática contemporánea. Los desarrollos freudianos conducen a radicalizar la idea básica de la libertad de expresión poniendo en evidencia algunas amenazas que pueden transformarla en una declaración narcótica de principios que se agote en sí misma. In this work we present a psychoanalytical and philosophical reflection on democracy, based mainly on Sigmund Freud's legacy. In the first section, we try to fundament why psychoanalysis is incompatible with fascism and, conversely, why this discipline only works in the environment of the Rule of Law. Simultaneously, the democratic core of psychoanalysis reveals its coherence with the scientific will manifested by its maker, even while testing canonical representations and demolishing some idealistic illusions about "democracy" and "science". In the second part, we aim at extracting from psychoanalysis, and from some philosophy related to it, some clues to re-think contemporary democratic culture. Freudian developments lead to a radicalization of the basic idea of freedom of speech, disclosing some threats that may turn it into a narcotic declaration of principles which would be exhausted in itself. (shrink)

Considering the challenges posed by populism and religiously motivated political engagement to liberal democracies, the present study sets out to examine, specifically, the role played by Pentecostal actors in the conflictive rearrangement of the democratic game in Brazil and worldwide. The engagement of Pentecostals in Brazil’s 2018 general election represented a milestone in that regard and constitutes, thus, the main focus of the present investigation. Given the novelty and nature of both phenomena in question, viz. Pentecostal political engagement and the (...) crisis of democracy, the analysis is carried out, methodologically, from a descriptive, theoretical vantage point, rather than a normative one. To that purpose, the study builds on Manow’s recent work on the current crisis of democracy so as to shed new light on this issue and engages with scholarly studies of Pentecostal political engagement in Brazil and Nigeria alike, where similar developments may be observed, thereby placing this predicament in a global perspective. The role played by Pentecostals can best be described as ambivalent, as, on the one hand, they contributed largely to democratizing contemporary democracies and, on the other, they played a significant part in undermining the very foundations of liberal democracies. (shrink)

Considering the challenges posed by populism and religiously motivated political engagement to liberal democracies, the present study sets out to examine, specifically, the role played by Pentecostal actors in the conflictive rearrangement of the democratic game in Brazil and worldwide. The engagement of Pentecostals in Brazil’s 2018 general election represented a milestone in that regard and constitutes, thus, the main focus of the present investigation. Given the novelty and nature of both phenomena in question, viz. Pentecostal political engagement and the (...) crisis of democracy, the analysis is carried out, methodologically, from a descriptive, theoretical vantage point, rather than a normative one. To that purpose, the study builds on Manow’s recent work on the current crisis of democracy so as to shed new light on this issue and engages with scholarly studies of Pentecostal political engagement in Brazil and Nigeria alike, where similar developments may be observed, thereby placing this predicament in a global perspective. The role played by Pentecostals can best be described as ambivalent, as, on the one hand, they contributed largely to democratizing contemporary democracies and, on the other, they played a significant part in undermining the very foundations of liberal democracies. (shrink)

Aquí profundizamos la tesis de que un modelo de simulación permite crear conocimiento en forma de explicaciones causales sostenida por Paul Weirich. Sostenemos la validez de exportar resultados del modelo al mundo modelizado en virtud de la similaridad entre modelo y mundo, analizable en términos de identidad parcial de estructura para eliminar la similaridad superficial que repita los resultados empíricos al ajustar datos por calibración. La estructura de relaciones rescatadas del mundo resulta crítica al estudiar la mencionada similaridad, como así (...) también ciertas propiedades que condicionan el tipo de relaciones entre los elementos del modelo que representan entidades del mundo. (shrink)

En este trabajo se explora el "problema de las otras mentes" desde una perspectiva humeana, con la intención de concebir una alternativa anticartesiana tanto en el nivel teórico como en el metateórico. Para ello, se examinan brevemente algunas de las características más importantes de la teoría humeana de la subjetividad, sistemáticamente desatendidas por la mayoría de los intérpretes: la preponderancia de la dimensión pasional en la formación gradual de la subjetividad y el papel de la simpatía en ese proceso. Además, (...) se sostiene la posibilidad de elaborar una perspectiva anticartesiana sobre la base de una inversión metateórica ineludible, un verdadero giro práctico que tiene lugar dentro de la propuesta humeana, el cual implica hacer un marcado hincapié en la primacía del aspecto práctico-intersubjetivo de la subjetividad por encima del aspecto teórico-individualista. This paper explores the "other minds problem" from a Humean perspective, with the objective of devising an anti-Cartesian alternative, both theoretical and meta-theoretical. In order to do this, the paper briefly examines some of the most important features of the Humean theory of the self systematically neglected by most interpreters: the prevalence of the passional dimension in the gradual formation of the self, and the role of sympathy in that process. We hold the possibility of developing an anti-Cartesian perspective on the basis of an unavoidable meta-theoretical reversal, a genuine practical turn that takes place within the Humean proposal, and which involves a greater emphasis on the primacy of the practical-intersubjective aspect of the self over the theoretical-individualistic one. (shrink)